由于阀门用途十分广泛，因此阀门密封面的工作条件差异很大。压力可以从真空到超高压，温度可以从-269℃到816℃，有些工作温度可达1200℃，工作介质从非腐蚀介质到各种酸碱等强腐蚀性介质。从密封面的受力情况来看，它受挤压和剪切。从磨擦学的角度来看，有磨拉磨损、腐蚀磨损、表面疲劳磨损、冲蚀等等。因此，应该根据不同的工作条件选择相适应的密封面材料。

Because of the wide use of the valve, the working conditions of the valve seal face are very different. The pressure can be from vacuum to ultra-high pressure. The temperature can range from -269 to 816 degrees. Some working temperatures can reach 1200 degrees, and the working medium is from non corrosive media to various strong corrosive media such as acids and bases. From the force of the sealing surface, it is squeezed and cut. From the point of view of friction, there are wear and tear, corrosion wear, surface fatigue wear, erosion and so on. Therefore, the suitable sealing surface materials should be selected according to the different working conditions.

（1）磨粒磨损

(1) abrasive wear

磨粒磨损是指粗糙的硬表面在软表面上滑动时出现的磨损。硬材料压入较软的材料表面，在接触表面就会划出一条微小的沟槽，此沟槽所脱落的材料以碎屑或疏松粒子的形式被推离物体的表面。

Abrasive wear refers to the wear of rough hard surfaces when they slide on a soft surface. The hard material is pressed into the surface of the soft material, and a tiny groove will be drawn on the contact surface. The material dropped off from the groove will be pushed away from the surface of the object in the form of debris or loose particles.

（2）腐蚀磨损

(2) corrosion wear

金属表面腐蚀时产生一层氧化物，这层氧化物通常覆盖在受到腐蚀作用的部位上，这样就能减慢对金属的进一步腐蚀。但是，如果发生滑动的话，就会清除掉表面的氧化物，使裸露出来的金属表面受到进一步的腐蚀。

When a metal surface is corroded, it produces a layer of oxide, which is usually covered by corrosive parts, which slows down further corrosion of metals. However, if it slips, the oxide of the surface will be removed, so that the exposed metal surface is further corroded.

（3）表面疲劳磨损

(3) surface fatigue wear

反复循环加载和卸载会使表面或表面下层产生疲劳裂纹，在表面形成碎片和凹坑，最终导致表面的破坏。

Repeated cyclic loading and unloading can cause fatigue cracks on the surface or the lower surface of the surface, forming fragments and pits on the surface, and eventually causing surface damage.

（4）冲蚀

(4) erosion

材料的损环是由锐利的粒子冲撞物体而产生的，它与磨粒磨损相似，但表面很粗糙。

The damage ring of the material is produced by the sharp particles bumping into the object, which is similar to the abrasive wear, but the surface is very rough.

（5）擦伤

(5) bruise

擦伤是指密封面相对运动的过程中，材料因摩擦引起的破坏。

Scratch is the damage caused by friction in the process of the relative motion of the cover.